Il rapporto di Greenpeace “ Futuro negro para los glaciares ” evidenzia gli enormi costi sociali collegati all’erosione delle masse gelate.
Che i ghiacciai stiano retrocedendo non è certo una novità. Ma il fatto che tutti quelli della Patagonia argentina, circa un centinaio, negli ultimi 10 anni abbiano perso in media oltre 35 metri , dà un’idea più precisa di come stiano le cose. Basta guardare le foto del ghiacciaio Ameghino per rendersi conto di come il riscaldamento globale stia distruggendo queste grandi masse fredde che costituiscono la principale riserva of the world's freshwater . The Ameghino is located in the glacial system Campo de Hielo Patagonia Sur, which extends between Argentina and Chile and is the third largest ice cap in the world (after the Antarctica and Greenland) and the largest of ' Latin America. Within 79 years, however, has retreated by almost 4 km.
"Since the last report that we have developed - said Juan Carlos Villalonga, director of campaigns for Greenpeace Argentina - and the most recent data drawn from United Nations Program for Development, an alarming picture: over the last thirty years of well 63 main glaciers of the Campo de Hielo Sur Patagónico are sciogliendo, provocando un aumento del livello del mare di 0,042 mm all’anno». Scorrendo le pagine del rapporto di Greenpeace “Futuro negro para los glaciares” (Futuro nero per i ghiacciai), ci si trova davanti a numeri, tabelle e grafici che raccontano casi come quello del ghiacciaio Viedma, che negli ultimi 70 anni ha perso almeno 50 metri di altezza ed è retrocesso di circa un chilometro, o di quello di Upsala, che ha perso 13,4 chilometri quadrati tra il 1997 e il 2003.
"Since the last report that we have developed - said Juan Carlos Villalonga, director of campaigns for Greenpeace Argentina - and the most recent data drawn from United Nations Program for Development, an alarming picture: over the last thirty years of well 63 main glaciers of the Campo de Hielo Sur Patagónico are sciogliendo, provocando un aumento del livello del mare di 0,042 mm all’anno». Scorrendo le pagine del rapporto di Greenpeace “Futuro negro para los glaciares” (Futuro nero per i ghiacciai), ci si trova davanti a numeri, tabelle e grafici che raccontano casi come quello del ghiacciaio Viedma, che negli ultimi 70 anni ha perso almeno 50 metri di altezza ed è retrocesso di circa un chilometro, o di quello di Upsala, che ha perso 13,4 chilometri quadrati tra il 1997 e il 2003.
«È importante ricordare che queste masse sono situate ai piedi della montagna. Poi ce ne sono altre, che si trovano a una quota più alta, come quelli delle zone di San Juan o della Rioja. Pur essendo molto più small, have an important role, as administered fresh water and feed rivers nearby areas, like Mendoza, who live in a desert climate but that of wine production and agriculture. Although these glaciers are disappearing, a situation that has a strong social impact, "adds Villalonga. The problem is not just about Patagonia: from Kilimanjaro to the Himalayas, all the cups frozen are rapidly thinning, with consequences that, according to all the environmentalists will be disastrous for the entire planet. Argentina has recently assumed the chairmanship of the G-77 and will represent Latin America at the next climate conference in Durban, scheduled for la fine di quest’anno. Un ruolo per niente facile, se si considera che l’intero continente latinoamericano ha un impatto del solo 13 per cento sull’inquinamento mondiale.
«Con la scomparsa dei ghiacciai, al di là dell’impatto sociale che si produce a livello locale, si crea un altro problema - aggiunge l’attivista -. Prima o poi, tutta la perdita di massa di ghiaccio finirà per aumentare il livello degli oceani . Questo determinerà un impatto devastante in tutto il globo terrestre. Le coste dell’Argentina sono generalmente alte, ma ci sono zone nevralgiche che potrebbero soffrire conseguenze gravi, come il Río de la Plata (l’estuario formato the River Uruguay and the Parana River, ed.) In this river, in fact, there is often a meteorological phenomenon called Sudestada: when the wind blows from the south of the river water can not flow into the sea, the level of the Río increases, causing flooding in many areas, including urban , such as the outskirts of Buenos Aires. " The whole system of the Delta of Parana River and the Río de la Plata could end up in a body of water, flooding cities like Rosario, La Plata, and even the outskirts of Buenos Aires. It is not a scene from a disaster movie but the possibility that some oceanographers, albeit cautiously, beginning to glimpse.
"In Argentina, climatologists associate to climate change is another phenomenon that occurs in the northern and central city: the greater frequency of storms of short duration but with a level of very intense precipitation and strong winds. This leads to flooding and high social costs. A similar kind of blizzard has always existed, but now the yearly rate is increased. For example, in the northern city of Santa Fe if the first happens once a year, now the rate has quadrupled. Among the hardest hit areas is the territory of Tartagal in the province of Salta. This part of the north-east Argentina has been severely damaged in 2009 and again recently, "continues Villalonga. Over the past three decades in Argentina rainfall has increased significantly and, according to most experts, the increase is not due to a natural variation but a result of global warming. Argentina is already underway to "continue to focus on environmental protection, saying for days as the president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. But on this side of the controversy there.
"I do not believe that Argentina is carrying out an environmental policy. Just think of the energy matrix depends for 90 per cent from fossil fuels, a record level in Latin America. And then the cultivation of soy has been a dizzying expansion, increasing deforestation. Not only that, but made the whole Argentine agriculture dependent on one product to be exported to the European market and China. In the north of the country in recent decades have been lost each year about 600 thousand hectares of forests . A trend that has been reduced only in 2009, when it entered into force on the Ley de Bosque. Not only that, there is another recent phenomenon related to the cultivation of soybeans. The last population census, which dates back to October, shows a worrying fact: the urban population has increased dramatically because rural areas are depopulating. Growing soybeans does not require much manpower and this migration is of concern because it is creating an imbalance which social consequences are plain for all, "Villalonga concluded.
that of soybean and fossil fuels is just one of many problems that will face Argentina. Another story, made up of contradiction and controversy. For now, one thing is certain: the balance of the Argentine is fragile. And the image of Ameghino Glacier disappears, crumbling under the sun, this fragility tells it all.
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